Soil & Climate<\/h2>\n\n<\/p>\n![\"grapes\"](\"https:\/\/cropinfo.in\/agriinfo\/infobase\/uploads\/2016\/02\/grapes.png\")
Soil and Climate:\u00a0<\/strong>Sandy loam soils are the best. Heavy soils can be used with adequate drainage. In shallow soils, deep trenches could be dug and vines planted. The desirable pH is 5-8.5. The grapevine is sensitive to chlorides and under such soils, rootstocks are a must. The crop can also tolerate mild salinity (< than 2dsm-1 ) and sodium (<10% ).<\/p>\nGrape is grown in the country under a varied climatic regions.<\/p>\n
\n- Sub-tropical Region:<\/strong>This region covers the northwestern plains of Delhi, Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh, Hissar and Jind districts of Haryana and Bhatinda, Ferozpur, Gurdaspur and Ludhiana districts of Punjab. Vines undergo dormancy and bud break starts in the first week of March. 90-95 days only are available for growth to harvest as rains arrive in June.<\/li>\n
- Hot Tropical Region:<\/strong>This region covers Nashik, Sangli, Solapur, Pune, Satara, Latur and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra; Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar, Anantapur and Medak districts of Andhra Pradesh; and Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belgaum, Gulberga districts of northern Karnataka. Maximum and minimum temperature is 42 degree C and 8 degree C, respectively. This is the major viticulture region accounting for 70 percent of the area under grapes in the country. Vines do not undergo dormancy and double pruning and a single harvest is the general practice in this region.<\/li>\n
- Mild Tropical Region:<\/strong>Includes Bangalore and Kolar districts of Karnataka; Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, Coimbatore, Madurai and Theni districts of Tamil Nadu. Maximum temperatures in a year seldom exceed 36 degree C, while the minimum is about 12 degree C. Principal varieties are Bangalore Blue (Isabella), Anab-e-Shahi, Gulabi (Syn. Muscat Hamburg), and Bhokri. Thompson Seedless is grown only with limited success. Except for Thompson Seedless, two crops are harvested in a year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Weed Control<\/h2>\n\n<\/p>\nWeed Control:\u00a0<\/strong>Weeds between the rows of vines are removed mechanically by tractor drawn implements. Within the rows, weeds are manually hoed and removed. Sometimes the post-emergent weedicides, mainly Glyphosate<\/a> at about 2.0 kg\/ha or paraquat at about 7.5 kg\/ha is sprayed in fully grown vineyards.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>
Pest Control<\/h2>\n\n<\/p>\nFlea beetle (Scelodonta strigicolhis Motschulsky):<\/strong> This pest will appear immediately after pruning and the newly sprouted buds are damaged. Leaves are defoliated with a characteristic slit cuts. Spraying of Quinolphos 0.06% or Carbaryl WP 0.2% four days after pruning is done to control the pest. Spraying of neem cake extract (4%) is also useful.<\/p>\nGrape mealy bug:<\/strong> The bugs are mainly seen during flowering to fruiting season. Nymphs and adults suck sap from growing shoots and berries aids in the development of sooty mould. Infested bunches become shriveled, showing sooty mould. During heavy infestation leaf will show curling. Removal of loose bark and application of a mixture of 6 g Carbaryl 50 WP and 2 ml neem oil along with 1ml sticker per liter of water on the trunk can control it. If leaf curl is noticed, spray Dichlorovos (0.05%) followed by Phenthoate (0.05%). Release of Cryptolaemus grubs (10 grubs\/vine) at fruit set can also control the pest.<\/p>\n
Grape is grown in the country under a varied climatic regions.<\/p>\n \n<\/div> Weed Control:\u00a0<\/strong>Weeds between the rows of vines are removed mechanically by tractor drawn implements. Within the rows, weeds are manually hoed and removed. Sometimes the post-emergent weedicides, mainly Glyphosate<\/a> at about 2.0 kg\/ha or paraquat at about 7.5 kg\/ha is sprayed in fully grown vineyards.<\/p>\n \n<\/div> Flea beetle (Scelodonta strigicolhis Motschulsky):<\/strong> This pest will appear immediately after pruning and the newly sprouted buds are damaged. Leaves are defoliated with a characteristic slit cuts. Spraying of Quinolphos 0.06% or Carbaryl WP 0.2% four days after pruning is done to control the pest. Spraying of neem cake extract (4%) is also useful.<\/p>\n Grape mealy bug:<\/strong> The bugs are mainly seen during flowering to fruiting season. Nymphs and adults suck sap from growing shoots and berries aids in the development of sooty mould. Infested bunches become shriveled, showing sooty mould. During heavy infestation leaf will show curling. Removal of loose bark and application of a mixture of 6 g Carbaryl 50 WP and 2 ml neem oil along with 1ml sticker per liter of water on the trunk can control it. If leaf curl is noticed, spray Dichlorovos (0.05%) followed by Phenthoate (0.05%). Release of Cryptolaemus grubs (10 grubs\/vine) at fruit set can also control the pest.<\/p>\nSoil and Climate:\u00a0<\/strong>Sandy loam soils are the best. Heavy soils can be used with adequate drainage. In shallow soils, deep trenches could be dug and vines planted. The desirable pH is 5-8.5. The grapevine is sensitive to chlorides and under such soils, rootstocks are a must. The crop can also tolerate mild salinity (< than 2dsm-1 ) and sodium (<10% ).<\/p>\n\n
Weed Control<\/h2>\n
Pest Control<\/h2>\n